What are the challenges in designing hybrid EVTOLs ?

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In the rapidly evolving landscape of aviation technology, hybrid Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (EVTOL) aircraft have emerged as a promising solution for urban air mobility. These innovative flying machines combine the vertical takeoff and landing capabilities of helicopters with the efficiency and range of fixed-wing aircraft, all while leveraging the benefits of electric propulsion.

What are the key aerodynamic challenges facing eVTOL designers and how do different propulsion systems affect the overall design of these aircraft ?

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At the heart of eVTOL design lies a fundamental aerodynamic conundrum: how to achieve efficient vertical lift without compromising forward flight performance. Unlike traditional fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters, eVTOLs must excel in both vertical and horizontal flight regimes.